How to Become a Digital Dungeon Master (Online & VTT Guide)

Becoming a digital dungeon master opens up new possibilities for running tabletop RPGs online. With the right tools, platforms, and techniques, you can create an engaging experience for your players, whether they are across the street or across the globe. This guide will help you navigate the essentials of becoming a digital DM.

From selecting a Virtual Tabletop (VTT) platform to optimizing your hardware and creating immersive maps, this comprehensive resource covers everything you need to know to successfully host online RPG sessions.

Let’s dive into the various aspects of becoming a digital dungeon master!

What you’ll learn in this article

• 🎲1How to choose the right VTT platform for your needs, comparing options like Roll20 and Foundry.
• ✅2Essential hardware and network requirements for a smooth online gaming experience.
• 🔎3Tips for creating engaging maps and visual assets for your virtual tabletop (VTT).
• 🧙4‍♂️ Best practices for automating gameplay with macros and combat tracking.
• 📅5A step-by-step guide to session prep workflows for online RPGs.
• 🚀6Strategies for monetizing your sessions and building a supportive community.
• 🎲7Automation, macros and combat tracking
• 🎲8Session prep workflow and quick-start plans
• 🎲9Running the session: pacing, engagement and table tools
• 🎲10Audio/Video issues and latency troubleshooting
• 🎲11Recording, streaming and creating session archives
• 🎲12Accessibility and inclusivity for online tables
• 🎲13Backup, security and licenses
• 🎲14Monetization, community building and legal basics
• 🎲15Troubleshooting common problems & final technical tips

1. Choosing a VTT platform: criteria and platform comparison

Choosing the right Virtual Tabletop (VTT) platform can make or break your online gaming experience. When selecting a VTT, consider key criteria such as ease of use, customization options, available modules, cost, and the strength of the community. For instance, if you’re new to online gaming, you might prioritize ease of use and community support over advanced customization features. Conversely, if you’re an experienced Game Master (GM), you may want a platform that offers extensive customization and automation options.

Here’s a quick comparison of some popular VTT platforms:

1.1 What to prioritize: ease of use, customization, modules, cost, community

When selecting a VTT platform, prioritizing specific features will help you align your choice with your gaming goals. For new groups, ease of use is essential, as it reduces the learning curve and allows everyone to focus on the game rather than the technology. A platform like Roll20, which is straightforward and has a free tier, is ideal for casual play.

For experienced GMs, customization and available modules become more important. These features allow you to tailor the gaming experience to your group’s needs, automate tedious tasks, and enhance gameplay. For example, if you run a campaign that relies heavily on dynamic lighting and automation, Foundry VTT offers advanced features that cater to these needs. Additionally, consider the community around the platform; active support forums and Discord channels can help you resolve issues quickly.

1.2 Quick comparisons: Roll20, Foundry VTT, Fantasy Grounds, Tabletop Simulator, Astral/Cobalt

Here’s a brief overview of each VTT platform to help you make a quick decision based on your needs:

• Roll20: Best for beginners. Its browser-based interface is easy to navigate, and it offers a free tier. However, customization options are limited, making it less suitable for complex campaigns.
• Foundry VTT: Ideal for advanced users. It requires a one-time purchase but offers extensive customization and dynamic lighting features. Perfect for GMs who want to create a unique gaming environment.
• Fantasy Grounds: Great for those who want official rules integration. It has a subscription model but offers a wealth of licensed content. However, its learning curve is steeper than Roll20.
• Tabletop Simulator: Best for those looking for a physics-driven experience. It allows for a wide range of gameplay styles but can be overwhelming for new players.
• Astral/Cobalt: A newer player in the field, Astral offers a user-friendly interface and a free tier, while Cobalt focuses on community-driven features.

1.3 When to self-host vs use a cloud service

Deciding whether to self-host your VTT or use a cloud service involves weighing the pros and cons of each approach. Self-hosting gives you full control over your gaming environment and can be more cost-effective in the long run. For instance, using Foundry VTT on a Virtual Private Server (VPS) allows you to customize your setup and manage performance directly. However, it requires more technical knowledge and responsibility for uptime.

On the other hand, cloud services like Roll20 or Forge offer ease of use and managed scaling, making them ideal for beginners or those who prefer not to deal with technical details. These services often handle updates and maintenance, allowing you to focus on gameplay. However, they come with ongoing costs and may have limitations on customization.

2. Hardware, network and environment: minimums and optimizations

To run a smooth online gaming session, it’s crucial to have the right hardware and a stable network connection. Your computer should meet certain minimum specifications to ensure the VTT runs effectively. For example, a quad-core CPU, at least 8GB of RAM, and an SSD are essential for hosting games. A dual-monitor setup can also enhance your experience, allowing you to manage the game interface and player interactions simultaneously.

For networking, using a wired Ethernet connection is preferable to Wi-Fi, as it reduces latency and provides a more stable connection. Aim for a latency of less than 50ms for an optimal experience. Additionally, consider enabling Quality of Service (QoS) settings on your router to prioritize gaming traffic over other bandwidth usage.

2.1 Recommended specs for host (CPU, RAM, GPU, SSD)

When setting up your VTT for hosting, here are the minimum and recommended specifications to consider:

• Minimum Specs:
  • CPU: Quad-core (e.g., Intel i5 or AMD Ryzen 5)
  • RAM: 8GB
  • Storage: SSD (Solid State Drive)
• Recommended Specs:
  • CPU: Six-core (e.g., Ryzen 5 3600 or Intel i7 10th Gen)
  • RAM: 16GB
  • GPU: NVENC-capable GPU (e.g., NVIDIA GTX 1650 or better)
  • Storage: 500GB NVMe SSD

These specifications will ensure that your VTT runs smoothly, especially if you plan to use features like dynamic lighting or handle multiple players.

2.2 Network: bandwidth, latency, QoS and router tips

A reliable network connection is vital for an uninterrupted gaming experience. For bandwidth, a minimum of 10 Mbps upload/download speed is recommended, but for larger groups, consider higher speeds. Latency should ideally be below 50ms to ensure smooth communication and gameplay. You can check your latency with tools like ping tests.

To optimize your network for gaming, enable Quality of Service (QoS) settings on your router. This prioritizes gaming traffic over other internet usage, reducing lag. Additionally, consider reserving an IP address for your gaming host to ensure consistent performance.

2.3 Headset and microphone recommendations and settings

Clear audio is crucial for a smooth online gaming experience, so investing in a good headset and microphone is essential. I recommend using a USB microphone like the Fifine K669B, which offers great sound quality at an affordable price. If you’re looking for something more professional, the Blue Yeti is an excellent choice for its versatility.

In addition to hardware, make sure to adjust your audio settings in Discord or your chosen VTT platform. For optimal clarity, set your Discord audio bitrate to 96kbps, enable noise suppression, and consider using push-to-talk to reduce background noise.

3. Essential software and streaming tools

To effectively run your online RPG sessions, you’ll need a solid software toolkit. For voice and video communication, Discord is the go-to choice due to its low latency and user-friendly interface. It allows for seamless communication while playing, and you can create dedicated channels for different game aspects.

For streaming and recording, OBS Studio (Open Broadcaster Software) is highly recommended. It provides robust features for capturing your gameplay and streaming to platforms like Twitch or YouTube. Make sure to set up your scenes correctly, including a browser source for your VTT and audio input from your microphone.

3.1 Voice/video: Discord, Zoom, integrated VTT voice

Choosing the right voice and video solution is critical for maintaining engagement during your online sessions. Discord is the preferred option for most GMs due to its ease of use, low latency, and ability to support screen sharing. While Zoom can accommodate larger video groups, it’s less ideal for VTT use because of its higher latency and potential complications with screen sharing.

If your VTT platform offers integrated voice functionality, it can be convenient for quick sessions, but often the audio quality may not match that of dedicated apps like Discord. For the best experience, I recommend using Discord for voice communication while utilizing your VTT for gameplay.

3.2 Recording/streaming: OBS Studio scene setup and bitrates (example)

Setting up OBS Studio for recording or streaming your sessions involves creating scenes that capture your gameplay effectively. Start by adding a browser source for your VTT, ensuring that it fits your stream layout. You can also include an audio input source for your microphone and a webcam overlay if you want to show yourself during the game.

For optimal recording quality, set your output resolution to 1080p and use a bitrate of 6000kbps if your internet connection allows. Additionally, ensure your audio sample rate is set to 48kHz and your audio bitrate is around 160kbps for a good mix of voice and background music.

3.3 Companion apps: Beyond20, Avrae, D&D Beyond integration

Companion apps can significantly enhance your online RPG experience by streamlining gameplay and reducing manual tasks. Beyond20 is a popular tool that integrates with D&D Beyond, allowing you to roll dice directly from your character sheet into your VTT. This feature saves time and minimizes errors during gameplay.

Another useful companion app is Avrae, which is a Discord bot that automates rolls, tracks encounters, and manages character sheets within your Discord server. To use these tools effectively, you’ll need to follow specific installation steps, such as granting necessary permissions and linking your accounts.

4. Map creation and visual assets

Creating engaging maps is crucial for an immersive online gaming experience. Tools like Procreate, Photoshop, Inkarnate, and Wonderdraft can help you craft visually appealing battlemaps. Each tool has its strengths; for example, Procreate is excellent for hand-drawn aesthetics, while Inkarnate is fantastic for quick top-down maps.

When exporting your maps for VTT use, aim for PNG format with a resolution of 140 pixels per inch (ppi) and ensure the grid aligns with the VTT’s settings. For instance, if you’re using a 70px grid for each 5-foot square, make sure your map dimensions reflect this for accurate alignment in the VTT.

4.1 Making maps: Procreate, Photoshop, Inkarnate, Wonderdraft workflows

When making maps for your VTT sessions, consider the strengths of each software tool. For example, Procreate is excellent for artists who prefer hand-drawn maps, while Inkarnate and Wonderdraft are perfect for quickly generating top-down views.

Here’s a simple workflow for each:

• Procreate: Start with the right canvas size, use different brushes for terrain features, and keep walls/lighting on separate layers. Then, export your finished map as a PNG at 300dpi.
• Inkarnate: Build your map using tiles, export it in the desired pixel grid size, and ensure the final image aligns with your VTT settings.
• Wonderdraft: Set your map scale first, then create your landscape and export it according to your VTT’s requirements.

4.2 Export settings for VTTs (PNG/TIFF/JPEG, DPI, grid alignment) with exact example values

When exporting maps for your VTT, it’s essential to follow specific settings to ensure compatibility. The recommended file format is PNG, as it supports transparency and maintains high quality. For DPI (dots per inch), 140ppi is standard, as it balances quality and file size.

Here are some example values for different types of maps:

• Small encounter map: 1400x1400px, grid set to 70px per square, PNG-24 format.
• Large dungeon: 4200x4200px, grid set to 70px per square, PNG-24 format, no compression.
• Procreate export: PNG at 300dpi, trimmed to grid bounds, with separate layers for walls if needed.

4.3 Using asset packs and the GM Craft Tavern resources selectively

Using asset packs can significantly reduce your preparation time and enhance the visual quality of your sessions. The GM Craft Tavern offers various resources, including tokens, battlemaps, and brushes that can help you create immersive environments. When selecting asset packs, consider your specific needs and avoid overloading your library with unnecessary assets.

Here are some recommended resources:

• Procreate Fantasy Map-Making Brush Kit
• 8000 D&D Compatible Tokens Pack
• 165,000 Dungeons and Dragons Compatible Battlemaps

5. Tokens, character art and portrait workflows

Creating tokens and character art is a key part of preparing for your online sessions. The standard size for tokens is 280×280 pixels, typically in PNG format with a transparent background. This ensures they display correctly in your VTT and are easily recognizable on the battlefield.

When exporting tokens, consider using a consistent naming convention. For example, name player character tokens as “PC_Name_Class_Level.png” and monster tokens as “CR2_Goblin_01.png.” This organization makes it easier to find and manage your assets during gameplay.

5.1 Token sizes, borders, naming conventions and file formats

For effective gameplay, it’s important to follow standard practices for token sizes and naming conventions. The recommended size for tokens is 280×280 pixels in PNG format, which supports transparency. Borders can be used for better visibility, with subtle styles around 4-8 pixels being the most effective.

When naming tokens, use a consistent scheme that includes important details, such as character name, class, and level. For example, a token for a wizard named Elara at level 5 might be named “Elara_Wizard_05.png.” This helps you quickly identify and sort your assets.

5.2 Importing tokens into Roll20 and Foundry: 3-step process

Importing tokens into your VTT is a straightforward process. Here’s a quick three-step guide for both Roll20 and Foundry:

1. Upload the token: Go to the Art Library or Assets folder in your VTT and upload your token image files. Organize them into folders for easy access.
2. Assign to actor or token: In Roll20, drag the token onto the map and link it to the character journal. In Foundry, use the actor/token settings to assign the image and configure attributes like name, health bars, and vision settings.
3. Test the token: Check visibility, collision, and dynamic lighting effects to ensure everything works as intended. Make adjustments as necessary.

5.3 Token automation: health bars, auras, status effects

Automating token management can greatly streamline gameplay. In both Roll20 and Foundry, you can link health points (HP) to token bars, use auras for buffs, and apply status markers for conditions. For example, set an aura to indicate a character is “blessed,” automatically updating their status in the game.

For Foundry, consider using modules like Midi-QOL to automate these processes. In Roll20, APIs like token-mod can help you manage token attributes and apply effects easily.

6. Lighting, fog-of-war and vision systems

Lighting and vision systems are essential for creating an immersive online gaming experience. Dynamic lighting allows you to simulate realistic light sources, while fog-of-war hides unexplored areas to enhance suspense. Foundry excels in this area, providing advanced options for managing both lighting and vision.

When designing encounters, consider the trade-offs between dynamic lighting and fog-of-war. For example, if your players are exploring a dark dungeon, dynamic lighting can create tension, but it may require more processing power. In large maps, using fog-of-war might be a better choice to reduce performance issues.

6.1 Dynamic lighting basics and performance considerations

Dynamic lighting simulates how light interacts with walls and obstacles in your game environment. This feature can significantly enhance immersion, especially in horror or stealth-themed campaigns. However, it can be CPU and GPU intensive, particularly with multiple light sources activated.

To optimize performance, consider limiting the number of dynamic lights active on a map, or pre-baking ambient light to reduce processing requirements. If you’re expecting a larger group, it might be wise to test the map with representative player hardware to ensure that everyone has a smooth experience.

6.2 Fog-of-war vs line-of-sight: design tips for encounters

Fog-of-war and line-of-sight (LOS) are both effective tools for managing visibility in your game. Fog-of-war conceals unexplored areas, while LOS allows players to see only what their characters can realistically perceive. The choice between the two often depends on the goals of your encounter.

For exploration-focused sessions, fog-of-war can create a sense of mystery and discovery. On the other hand, if you want to heighten tension in a stealth or horror scenario, using LOS with dynamic lighting can amplify the experience by limiting visibility and creating suspense.

6.3 Example: configuring vision for a stealth encounter

Setting up a stealth encounter involves careful configuration of vision and lighting settings. Here’s a step-by-step example using Foundry:

1. Set the global ambient light to 0.2 to create a dim environment.
2. Configure player tokens with dim sight of 10ft and bright sight of 5ft to limit visibility.
3. Add enemy tokens with hidden sight settings, activating their perception only when a player is within 5ft.
4. Use dynamic lights to simulate torches, adjusting decay and angle settings for realism.
5. Tie the success of player stealth checks to hidden conditions, ensuring tokens remain hidden until triggered.

7. Automation, macros and combat tracking

Automation can greatly enhance your gameplay experience by reducing manual tasks and streamlining combat. In both Roll20 and Foundry, you can use macros to automate common actions, like rolling for attacks or applying damage. For example, a simple macro for casting Fireball in Roll20 could look like this:

!roll 8d6

This command rolls eight six-sided dice to calculate damage. For more complex actions, consider using modules like Midi-QOL in Foundry, which can automate effects, damage application, and even initiative tracking.

7.1 Macro basics and example macros (pseudo-code/sample)

Creating macros can simplify complex actions and enhance gameplay fluidity. Here’s a basic example of a Fireball macro in Roll20:

/roll 8d6

This command rolls eight six-sided dice to calculate damage when the spell is cast. For initiative sorting, you can use the following pseudo-code:

/api !init --roll
/api !init --sort desc

These commands will roll for initiative and sort the results in descending order, ensuring that players and enemies act in the correct order.

7.2 Using modules and add-ons (Foundry modules, Roll20 APIs)

Modules and add-ons can enhance your VTT experience by providing additional functionalities. For Foundry, popular modules include Dynamic Active Effects and Midi-QOL, which automate various aspects of gameplay, such as applying damage or managing conditions. To install a module, simply copy the manifest URL, paste it into the Foundry module installation section, and enable it in your world settings.

In Roll20, you can utilize APIs like token-mod to manage token attributes and apply effects seamlessly. However, be cautious about overloading your setup with too many modules, as this can lead to conflicts and performance issues.

7.3 Turn order, initiative automation and damage application

Managing turn order and initiative can be tedious, but automation simplifies this process. In Roll20, you can use the Turn Tracker to keep track of initiative, while Foundry offers advanced auto-initiative features through modules. To set up initiative automation in Foundry, enable the auto-roll option and configure any effects that tie into initiative rolls.

Additionally, you can automate damage application by linking it to macros or modules. For instance, when a character takes damage, set up a macro to automatically update their HP and apply any status effects.

8. Session prep workflow and quick-start plans

Preparing for an online session requires careful planning and organization. A well-structured prep timeline can help you stay on track and ensure that all elements are ready for your players. For example, split your prep time into focused tasks, such as creating encounters, selecting maps, and setting up tokens.

A quick-start plan for beginners might include the following steps:

1. Create a Roll20 account and set up a game.
2. Upload a map and add tokens.
3. Run a short test combat to ensure everything works.
4. Use theater-of-the-mind for your first session if maps feel overwhelming.

8.1 One-session prep timeline (example: 6–8 hours pregame split into tasks)

Here’s a detailed timeline to guide your session prep over 6–8 hours:

• T-24h: Concept & encounter list (choose encounters and XP budget).
• T-12h: Map selection/creation and token imports.
• T-2h: Place encounters, set dynamic lighting/fog-of-war, and mark secrets/handouts.
• T-30m: Create macros/initiative list and configure music cues.
• T-15m: Run a test for automated initiative rolls and sample combat.
• T-5m: Final backups, open the lobby for players, and conduct a quick tech check.

This structured approach ensures you cover all necessary elements and helps you feel prepared as you approach game time.

8.2 Quick start for absolute beginners: 4-step path

If you’re new to online gaming and want to get started quickly, follow this simple 4-step plan:

1. Create a Roll20 account: Sign up for free and create a new game.
2. Upload a map and add tokens: Import one of your maps and place a few tokens on it.
3. Run a short test combat: Conduct a quick encounter to check audio and dice rolls.
4. Use theater-of-the-mind for your first session: If the technical aspects feel overwhelming, focus on storytelling without maps.

This quick start path minimizes barriers and helps you dive into gameplay without feeling overwhelmed.

8.3 Level-up path for experienced GMs: 5-step path to advanced features

For experienced GMs looking to elevate their online sessions, here’s a five-step path:

1. Purchase Foundry: Buy a license and set up hosting through Node.js or Forge.
2. Install core modules: Add essential modules like Midi-QOL and Token Action Bar to enhance automation.
3. Migrate journals/maps from Roll20: Export and import your content to Foundry for a seamless transition.
4. Build automation macros: Create macros to streamline gameplay and test them in a sandbox world.
5. Integrate streaming and monetization: Set up your OBS for streaming and explore marketplace options for monetizing your sessions.

9. Running the session: pacing, engagement and table tools

Running an engaging online session requires careful pacing and the right tools. Utilize handouts, music, and visual aids to maintain player interest. Tools like Trello can help you manage quests and keep track of player goals. Remember that online sessions tend to run about 20% shorter than in-person sessions, so adjust your pacing accordingly.

Engagement tactics such as spotlight rotation and call-and-response narration can help keep players involved. For example, set a timer for player turns to encourage quicker decision-making, and use private whispers for secrets to add intrigue.

9.1 Managing spotlighting, handouts, and secrets

Managing spotlighting and secrets is crucial for keeping your players engaged. Use Roll20 or Foundry features to create named handouts, assign GM-only notes, and implement time-limited reveals for secrets. This helps maintain a dynamic narrative and ensures that all players have opportunities to shine.

To prepare handouts, create them in advance and use a consistent naming scheme for easy access during the session. For example, categorize handouts by encounter or player character to streamline your workflow.

9.2 Using music, ambient sound and queues effectively

Music and ambient sound can significantly enhance the atmosphere of your game. Use tools like Syrinscape or built-in jukebox features in Roll20 and Foundry to create immersive soundscapes. Prepare playlists ahead of time for different scenes, and utilize fade-in/out features to create smooth transitions.

To manage sound levels, test your mixes before the session, ensuring that music complements rather than drowns out player voices. Maintaining a balance between background ambiance and conversation is key to keeping players engaged.

Tip: Consider asking players for their favorite soundtracks or themes to personalize the experience and make them feel more involved in the session.

9.3 Example pacing structure for a 3-hour session

Creating a structured pacing plan can help you deliver a satisfying session. Here’s a sample breakdown for a 3-hour game:

• 00:00–00:10: Tech check and recap of previous session.
• 00:10–00:40: Introduce the hook or roleplay scene.
• 00:40–01:40: First exploration or encounter (combat + roleplay), including a short 5-minute break.
• 01:40–02:20: Second encounter or puzzle.
• 02:20–02:50: Climax or major decision, keeping time limits in mind.
• 02:50–03:00: Debriefing, XP/loot distribution, and setting hooks for the next session.

10. Audio/Video issues and latency troubleshooting

Audio and video issues can disrupt your gaming experience, so being prepared to troubleshoot is essential. Start by checking that your microphone and audio settings are configured correctly. If you encounter audio lag, try muting desktop audio, adjusting the bitrate in Discord, and enabling noise suppression.

For connectivity issues, check your internet speed and latency using tools like Speedtest. If you notice persistent problems, consider switching to a wired connection and disabling background applications that may be consuming bandwidth.

10.1 Step-by-step fixes for common audio problems (3–5 steps)

If you encounter audio issues during your session, follow these steps to troubleshoot:

1. Confirm that your microphone is selected in your operating system and in Discord/OBS.
2. Check the mic gain settings and disable any automatic gain adjustments.
3. Test your audio by enabling noise suppression and ensuring your mic is functioning.
4. Switch to push-to-talk to eliminate background noise from your environment.
5. If problems persist, consider using a phone as a backup connection or rejoining the voice channel.

10.2 Bandwidth conservation tips: video off, audio codecs, push-to-talk

To conserve bandwidth during your sessions, consider turning off video feeds. This can significantly reduce the amount of data being transmitted, especially if players have slow connections. Additionally, use push-to-talk features to minimize unnecessary audio traffic.

You can also lower the bitrate settings in OBS or Discord to reduce the load on your network. For example, adjusting OBS to a lower resolution or bitrate can help maintain a stable connection for everyone involved.

10.3 Monitoring tools and logs to diagnose problems

Monitoring tools can help you diagnose issues during your sessions. Use ping tests to check your connection stability and identify potential packet loss. Additionally, keep an eye on your browser console for errors related to your VTT, and check the Foundry server logs for any performance issues.

For a comprehensive analysis, consider using tools like MTR (My Traceroute) to trace the path of your packets and identify where latency might be occurring. This can help pinpoint issues with your ISP or specific routing problems.

11. Recording, streaming and creating session archives

Recording your sessions can provide valuable content for later review or sharing with your community. OBS Studio is the recommended software for capturing your gameplay. Set your output to 1080p and use a bitrate of around 6000kbps for optimal quality.

When recording, ensure you have the proper legal permissions from your players to capture the session. This includes obtaining consent for recording and for any music or assets used during gameplay that may be subject to copyright.

11.1 OBS example scene and recommended bitrate & encoder settings

To set up OBS for streaming your RPG sessions, follow these recommended settings:

• Resolution: 1920×1080
• FPS: 30
• Encoder: NVENC (if you have a compatible NVIDIA GPU)
• Bitrate: 6000kbps for 1080p streaming
• Audio Bitrate: 160kbps for voice and music mix

Make sure to arrange your sources correctly in OBS, with your VTT browser source at the bottom and any overlays above it. This ensures that your gameplay is visible while maintaining any additional graphics or information you want to display.

11.2 Legal and privacy considerations when recording players

When recording sessions, it’s essential to respect the privacy of your players. Always obtain explicit consent before recording, and provide options for players to opt out if they feel uncomfortable. This helps build trust and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the recording.

Additionally, be aware of copyright issues related to any music or content you use during your session. Ensure you have the proper licenses for any assets you plan to stream or share publicly.

11.3 Post-session notes: transcription and highlights

Transcribing your sessions and creating highlights can enhance your community engagement and provide valuable content for future reference. After recording your session, consider using transcription tools like Otter.ai or Whisper to generate text versions of your gameplay.

Once you have the transcription, extract timestamps for key events and create highlight clips to share on social media or with your player group. This not only helps you review your sessions but also provides engaging content for your community.

12. Accessibility and inclusivity for online tables

Creating an inclusive gaming environment is essential for ensuring all players feel welcome and able to participate. Consider implementing high-contrast modes, colorblind-friendly maps, and readable tokens to enhance accessibility. Additionally, provide clear communication regarding session etiquette and expectations, particularly during your session zero.

For neurodiverse players, consider using visual timers and text prompts to help manage gameplay pacing and decision-making. Collect accessibility needs before the first session to ensure everyone has the accommodations they require.

12.1 Captioning, colorblind-friendly maps, readable tokens

To enhance accessibility during your sessions, consider enabling captioning in Discord or using tools like Otter.ai for live transcription. This can help players who are hard of hearing or prefer to read along during gameplay.

For visual elements, use colorblind-friendly palettes when designing maps and ensure that token fonts are large enough to be easily read. A general guideline is to use labels with a font size of at least 16px on tokens, with high-contrast outlines to improve visibility.

12.2 Rule-light alternatives and time-zone accommodations

When managing a diverse group of players, consider offering rule-light alternatives to streamline gameplay. Simplifying skill checks or reducing combat turns can help maintain engagement for players with varying attention spans.

For scheduling across multiple time zones, use tools like Doodle or When2Meet to find suitable times for all players. Additionally, consider offering shorter sessions or asynchronous logs for players who may have difficulty participating in real-time.

12.3 Tools for neurodiverse players (visual timers, text prompts)

Supporting neurodiverse players can enhance their gaming experience. Use visual timers like Online-Timer to help manage turn lengths and provide clear prompts for decision-making, such as “You have 60 seconds to decide — ask for a hint if you’re stuck.”

Consider creating private text channels for content warnings and advance summaries to help players prepare for the session. This can reduce anxiety and allow for a smoother gaming experience.

13. Backup, security and licenses

Backing up your game data is crucial to prevent loss due to unforeseen issues. Regularly export your game as a ZIP file in Roll20 or use Foundry’s snapshot feature to create backups of your world data. Store these backups on a cloud service like Google Drive or an external hard drive for security.

Additionally, enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your accounts to enhance security. Be aware of asset licensing as well; ensure you understand what you can and cannot use in your games, especially if you plan to monetize your sessions.

13.1 Backing up worlds, maps and player data (schedules and tools)

Establishing a backup routine helps safeguard your game data. For Roll20, export your game data regularly, while Foundry users should take advantage of the export all world data feature. Aim to set a schedule for backups — daily for active campaigns and weekly for slower-paced games.

Consider using tools like rclone for cloud syncing, which automates the backup process. Additionally, verify the integrity of your backups by testing restores at least once a month to ensure everything is functioning correctly.

13.2 Asset licensing: what you can and cannot use in paid games

Understanding asset licensing is vital to avoid legal issues. Always check the terms of any assets you purchase to determine if they can be used commercially. Look for clear indicators of personal versus commercial rights, and ensure you have the appropriate licenses for any music or content you plan to use in your games.

If you’re planning to monetize your sessions, verify that all maps, tokens, and music comply with the licensing rules of your chosen platform. This will help you maintain a good standing and avoid potential copyright claims.

13.3 Two-step procedures for emergency restore and rollback

In case of data loss or corruption, it’s essential to have a clear procedure for restoring your game. Here’s a simple two-step process for emergencies:

1. Restore the latest snapshot: If using Foundry, import your latest snapshot to a test server to ensure it works correctly.
2. Swap the live pointer or replace world files: Once confirmed, replace the current live world files with the restored version, notify players, and verify that everything is functioning properly.

14. Monetization, community building and legal basics

Monetizing your sessions can be a rewarding venture, but it comes with responsibilities. Use platforms like Patreon to offer memberships, sell marketplace assets, or run paid private games. Ensure you understand the rules of the platform you’re using and adhere to any licensing requirements for assets you plan to use.

Community building is also important for long-term success. Engage with your players through social channels, host events, and create opportunities for interaction. This will help you grow a supportive community that can contribute to your monetization efforts.

14.1 Ways to monetize sessions (Patreon, Patreon alternatives, marketplace rules)

There are several ways to monetize your gaming sessions effectively. Start with a free content model to build interest, then transition to small paid asset packs or Patreon tiers with additional perks, such as maps or behind-the-scenes content. Consider using Ko-fi or Buy Me a Coffee for one-off contributions or private sessions.

When monetizing, always disclose the nature of the content to your players and ensure that you have the necessary rights for any assets you use. This will help you maintain transparency and avoid potential legal issues.

14.2 Running paid games vs free community tables: platform rules

When deciding whether to run paid games or free community tables, be mindful of the rules set by your VTT platform. Some platforms, like Roll20 and Foundry, have specific restrictions on monetizing games, so it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with their terms of service.

If you choose to offer paid games, consider using ticketing systems or marketplace listings rather than direct pay-per-session models, as this can help you comply with platform regulations. Ensure that you treat your gaming activities as a small business for accounting purposes.

14.3 Building a community: events, social channels, and conversion tips

Building a strong community around your gaming sessions is essential for growth and monetization. Utilize social channels, Discord servers, and platforms like Twitch to engage with your audience and create a sense of belonging. Regular events, such as playtests or art contests, can keep your community active and involved.

To convert casual players into supporters, consider offering free content that leads to community engagement, like free one-shots or highlights of your sessions. This can help you build a loyal following that is more likely to support your paid offerings in the future.

15. Troubleshooting common problems & final technical tips

Troubleshooting common issues during your online sessions is crucial for maintaining a smooth experience. Familiarize yourself with common VTT bugs and their quick fixes, such as clearing the cache for canvas errors or re-importing tokens to solve alignment issues.

Before each session, run a quick tech run to verify that all systems are functioning correctly. This includes checking backups, updating modules, testing audio, and verifying that maps load properly. Having a plan for common issues will help you resolve problems swiftly and keep the game on track.

15.1 Common VTT-specific bugs and quick fixes

If you encounter bugs during your sessions, here are some common issues and their fixes:

• Canvas errors: Clear your browser cache and update your GPU drivers.
• Token misalignment: Reimport your tokens and enforce grid snap settings.
• Audio desync: Restart your voice client or rejoin the voice channel.

15.2 Performance tuning for large encounters

To maintain performance during large encounters, consider these tips:

• Reduce the number of active dynamic lights and tokens on the map.
• Use fog-of-war to simplify visibility and reduce processing demands.
• Break larger maps into smaller segments to manage resource usage effectively.

15.3 Final checklist: pre-session tech run (5 steps)

Before starting your session, run through this five-step tech run:

1. Confirm backups and export the current world.
2. Update modules and test them in a sandbox environment.
3. Load maps and tokens, running a short test combat.
4. Test voice and audio with all players; confirm OBS scene if streaming.
5. Verify that handouts, playlists, and macros are active and functioning.

Resources & complementary tools

• Roll20
• Foundry VTT
• OBS Studio
• r/FoundryVTT
• Roll20 Marketplace
• GM Craft Tavern
• Procreate Fantasy Map-Making Brush Kit
• 8000 D&D Compatible Tokens Pack
• 165,000 Dungeons and Dragons Compatible Battlemaps
• 6500 Token Borders Bundle

FAQ

Do I need to pay for a VTT to run online games effectively?

Not necessarily; free tiers like Roll20 can suffice, but paid options enhance features.

How do I import dynamic lighting-enabled maps into Foundry VTT?

Upload the map image, enable dynamic lighting, and adjust settings for light sources.

What’s the easiest way to make and import tokens?

Design tokens at 280×280 pixels in PNG format, then upload them to your VTT.

How can I reduce audio lag and desync during sessions?

Use wired connections, mute background apps, and lower audio resolution settings.

Can I use purchased battlemaps and tokens in paid games?

Check licensing terms to ensure you have rights for commercial use.

Fox’s take

Becoming a digital dungeon master is an exciting journey that combines creativity, technology, and community engagement. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create immersive experiences for your players while navigating the challenges of online gameplay. Embrace the tools and resources available, and remember that the most important aspect is to have fun and foster a welcoming environment for all players.

As you gain experience, continue to adapt and refine your approach to running online sessions. The world of digital tabletop gaming is always evolving, and staying informed will allow you to provide the best experience possible for your players.

…

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